‘Forest management in Pennsylvania, USA’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 18
Here are explanations of the Questions of passage named ‘Forest management in Pennsylvania, USA’, which is from the Cambridge 18 book. The Questions that have been asked are ‘Blanks, ‘Finding information’ and ‘Finding researcher’s name’. You will find the locations of the Reading Answers, Keywords(highlighted and underlined) and justifications.
READING PASSAGE 2: ‘Forest management in Pennsylvania, USA’
| Question | Answer |
| 14 | B |
| 15 | A |
| 16 | C |
| 17 | E |
| 18 | B |
| 19 | B |
| 20 | C |
| 21 | C |
| 22 | FIRE |
| 23 | NUTRIENTS |
| 24 | CAVITIES |
| 25 | HAWTHORN |
| 26 | RARE |
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
14. bad outcomes for a forest when people focus only on its financial reward
Location and Answer: B
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the second last line of the paragraph. ‘These trees have lower economic value for traditional timber markets, compete for growth with higher-value trees, shade out desirable regeneration and decrease the health of a stand leaving it more vulnerable to poor weather and disease…’ Here, ‘compete for growth with higher-value trees’ states that ‘focus only on its financial reward’. Moreover, ‘decrease the health of stand leaving’ refers to the bad outcomes. Thus, the answer is B.
‘Forest management in Pennsylvania, USA’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 18
15. reference to the aspects of any tree that contribute to its worth
Location and Answer: A
Explanation: The location of the answer is in the second and third line of the paragraph. ‘The same tree can be valued very differently by each person who looks at it. A large, straight black cherry tree has high value as timber to be cut into logs or made into furniture, but for a landowner more interested in wildlife habitat, the real value of that stem (or trunk) may be the food it provides to animals…’ Here, the writer states about the different aspects of trees such as ‘black cherry that has high value’ and stem acts as food for animals. In addition, ‘value’ refers to ‘worth’. Thus, the answer is A.
16. mention of the potential use of wood to help run vehicles
Location and Answer: C
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘wood’ and it helps to locate an answer in the fourth line of the paragraph. ‘Wood can also be gasified for electrical generation and can even be made into liquid fuels like ethanol and gasoline for lorries and cars….’ Here, the writer talks about the usage of wood as its can make fuels like ethanol or gasoline that can be used to run vehicles such as cars and lorries. Thus, the answer is C.
‘Forest management in Pennsylvania, USA’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 18
17. examples of insects that attack trees
Location and Answer: E
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘insects’ and its reference is there in the second and third line of the paragraph. ‘With the many pests and pathogens visiting forests including hemlock wooly adelgid, Asian longhamed beetle, emerald ash borer, and gypsy moth, to name just a few…These types of cut reduce the number of sick trees and seek to manage the future spread of a pest problem….’ Here, ‘pests and pathogens…beetle, emerald ash borer, and gypsy moth…’ are insects. The author says that pathogens visits forest and these types of cuts make the trees sick. That means insects attack trees.
18. an alternative name for trees that produce low-use wood
Location and Answer: B
Explanation: The main keyword ‘low-use wood’ helps to locate an answer in the third line of the paragraph. ‘This practice, called “high-grading, has left a legacy of ‘low-use wood’ in the forests. Some people even call these “junk trees, and they are abundant in Pennsylvania…’ Here, ‘junk trees’ indicates an alternative name for trees. Moreover, ‘has left a legacy of low-use wood’ clarifies that trees produce low-use wood. Thus, the answer is B.
Questions 19-21
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 19-21 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once
19. to remove trees that are diseased
Location: E paragraph
Explanation: The location of the answer is in the second last line of the paragraph. ‘These types of cut reduce the number of sick trees and seek to manage the future spread of a pest problem….’ Here, ‘reduce the number of sick trees’ means ‘to remove trees’. In addition, ‘sick trees’ refers to the ‘diseased tree’. Moreover, the reference of salvage cut is there in the beginning of the paragraph. Thus, the answer is very clear.
Answer: B
‘Forest management in Pennsylvania, USA’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 18
20. to generate income across a number of years
Location: F paragraph
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the last line of the paragraph. ‘It can also be used to develop a two-tier forest so that there are two harvests and the money that comes in is spread out over a decade or more…’ Here, ‘money that comes in’ and ‘generate income’ means the same. Moreover, ‘over decade or more’ refers to the ‘number of years’. Also, the writer talks about shelterwood cuts in the initial line of the paragraph. Thus, the answer is clear.
Answer: C
21. to create a forest whose trees are close in age
Location: F paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword ‘forest’ helps to locate an answer in the second line of the paragraph. ‘This then allows the forester to decide which tree species are regenerated. It leaves a young forest where all trees are at a similar point in their growth….’ Here, ‘close in age’ and ‘at similar point in their growth’ means the same. In addition, ‘create’ and ‘regenerate’ are synonyms. Thus, the answer is clear.
Answer: C
List of Timber Cuts
A a TSI Cut
B a Salvage Cut
C a shelterwood cut
Questions 22-26
Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet.
22. Some dead wood is removed to avoid the possibility of…………
Location: G paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘wood’ and it has been exactly written in the first line of the paragraph. ‘Thinnings and dense and dead wood removal for fire prevention also center on the production of low-use wood…’ Here, the writer clearly states that dead wood is removed for fire prevention. ‘Avoid the possibility of’ and ‘prevention’ means the same.
Answer: Fire
‘Forest management in Pennsylvania, USA’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 18
23. The…….. from the tops of cut trees can help improve soil quality.
Location: G paragraph
Explanation: The location of the answer is in the third line of the paragraph. ‘The tops of trees that have been cut down should be left on the site so that their nutrients cycle back into the soil…’ Here, this statement means nutrients help to improve the soil quality. Thus, the answer is ‘nutrients’
Answer: Nutrients
24. Some damaged trees should be left, as their…….. provide habitats for a range of creatures.
Location: G paragraph
Explanation: The location of the answer is in the fourth line of the paragraph. ‘In addition, trees with many cavities are extremely important habitats for insect predators like woodpeckers, bats and small mammals…’ Here, ‘woodpeckers, bats and small mammals…’ refers to the ‘range of creatures’. Moreover, The writer states that cavities are important habitats. Thus, the answer is ‘cavities’.
Answer: Cavities
‘Forest management in Pennsylvania, USA’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 18
25. Some trees that are small, such as……………are a source of food for animals and insects.
Location: G paragraph
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the second last line of the paragraph. ‘It is also important to remember that not all small trees are low-use. For example, many species like hawthorn provide food for wildlife…’ Here, ‘not all small trees are low-use’ that means some small trees are having usage. In addition, ‘source of food’ and ‘provide food’ means the same. Wildlife= animals.
Answer: Hawthorn
‘Forest management in Pennsylvania, USA’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 18
26. Any trees that are…………..should be left to grow, as they add to the variety of species in the forest.
Location: G paragraph
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the last line of the paragraph. ‘Finally, rare species of trees in a forest should also stay behind as they add to its structural diversity…’ Here, ‘diversity’ and ‘variety’ are synonyms. Furthermore, ‘left to grow’ and ‘stay behind’ means the same. Thus, the answer is very clear.
Answer: Rare
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