‘Oxytocin’- Reading Answer Explanation – CAM- 13
Here are explanations of the Questions of passage named ‘Oxytocin ’, which is from the Cambridge 13 book. The Questions that have been asked are Finding information, Finding author’s name and Blanks. You will find the locations of the Reading Answers, Keywords(highlighted and underlined) and justifications.
READING PASSAGE 2: Oxytocin
| Question | Answer |
| 14 | B |
| 15 | F |
| 16 | B |
| 17 | E |
| 18 | A |
| 19 | B |
| 20 | C |
| 21 | ANIMALS |
| 22 | CHILDBIRTH |
| 23 | PLACEBO |
| 24 | GAME |
| 25 | STRANGERS |
| 26 | NAMES |
Questions 14-17
Reading Passage 2 has six section, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
14 reference to research showing the beneficial effects of oxytocin on people
Location and Answer: B
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘beneficial effects’ and its reference is there in the last line of the paragraph. ‘These follow-up studies have shown that after a sniff of the hormone, people become more charitable, better at reading emotions on others…’Here, ‘people become more charitable’ and ‘better at reading emotions’ are the beneficial effects.
15 reasons why the effects of oxytocin are complex
Location and Answer: F
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the first line of the paragraph. ‘Perhaps we should not be surprised that the oxytocin story has become more perplexing…’Here, ‘perplexing’ and ‘complex’ are synonyms. Thus, the answer is very clear.
16 mention of a period in which oxytocin attracted little scientific attention
Location and Answer: B
‘Oxytocin’- Reading Answer Explanation – CAM- 13
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘period’ and its reference is there in the second last line of the paragraph. ‘For eight years, it was quite a lonesome field,’ Heinrichs re calls. ‘Now, everyone is interested…’Here, ‘lonesome field’ indicates that it attracted a little attention. Thus, the answer is B.
17 reference to people ignoring certain aspects of their research data
Location and Answer: E
Explanation: The location of the answer is in the second line of the paragraph. ‘Where once researchers took no notice of such findings, now a more nuanced understanding of oxytocin’s effect…’Here, ‘took no notice’ means ‘ignoring’ Thus, the answer is E.
Questions 18-20
Look at the following research findings (Questions 18-20) and the list of researchers below
Match each research finding with the correct researcher, A-F.
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 18-20 on your answer sheet.
18 People are more trusting when affected by oxytocin.
Location: 2nd paragraph
Explanation: The writer says, ‘In a groundbreaking experiments, Markus Heinrichs and…could invest money with an anonymous person who was not guaranteed to be honest The team found the participants who had sniffed oxytocin via a nasal spray beforehand invested more money than those who received a placebo instead.’ Here, ‘oxytocin’ invested more money…’ means people are more trusting when affected by oxytocin.
Answer: A
19 Oxytocin increases people’s feelings of jealousy.
Location: 3rd paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘jealousy’ and is has been written as ‘envy’ in the second last line of the paragraph. ‘those who inhaled the hormone showed more pleasure when they beat other players, and felt more envy when others won…’Here, ‘felt more envy’ means ‘ increases feelings of jealousy’
Answer: B
20 The effect of oxytocin varies from one type of person to another.
Location: 3rd paragraph
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the third line of the paragraph. ‘administering oxytocin also has sharply contrasting outcomes depending on a person’s disposition…’Here, ‘contrasting outcomes’ means ‘varies’ Moreover, ‘person disposition’ means ‘one type of person to another’ Hence, the answer is C.
Answer: C
List of Researchers
A Markus Heinrichs
B Simone Shamay-Tsoory
C Jennifer Bartz
D Carolyn DeClerck
E Carsten De Dreu
F Sue Carter
Questions 21-26
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet.
Oxytocin research
The earliest findings about oxytocin and bonding came from research involving 21………………………..
Location: 1st paragraph
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the second line of the paragraph. ‘ It was through various studies focusing on animals that scientists first became aware of the influence of oxytocin. ‘Studies’ and ‘research’ are synonyms. Furthermore, ‘involving’ and ‘focusing on’ means the same. Hence, the answer is very clear.
Answer: Animals
It was also discovered that humans produce oxytocin during 22…………………………
Location: 1st paragraph (Fourth line)
Explanation: The writer says, ‘It is also released by women in childbirth, strengthening the attachment between mother and baby…’Here, ‘produce’ and ‘released’ are synonyms. Thus, the answer is ‘childbirth’
Answer: Childbirth
‘Oxytocin’- Reading Answer Explanation – CAM- 13
An experiment in 2005, in which participants were given either oxytocin or a 23…………………………, reinforced the belief that the hormone had a positive effect.
Location: 2nd paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘2005’ and it helps to locate the answer in the third line of the paragraph. ‘The team found the participants who had sniffed oxytocin via a nasal spray beforehand invested more money than those who received a placebo instead. Thus, this statement makes it clear that participants were given oxytocin or placebo.
Answer: Placebo
However, later research suggests that this is not always the case. A study at the University of Haifa where participants took part in a 24……………………….. revealed the negative emotions which oxytocin can trigger.
Location: 3rd paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword ‘university of Haifa’ helps to locate the answer in the ‘found that when volunteers played a competitive game, those who inhaled the hormone showed more pleasure when they beat other players…’ Here, ‘participants’ and ‘volunteers’ are synonyms. Hence, the answer is ‘game’
Answer: Game
‘Oxytocin’- Reading Answer Explanation – CAM- 13
A study at the University of Antwerp showed people’s lack of willingness to help 25………………………. while under the influence of oxytocin.
Location: 4th paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘Antwerp’ and its reference is there in the second line of the paragraph. Studies conducted by…of Antwerp, Belgium, revealed that people who had received a dose of oxytocin actually became less cooperative when dealing with complete strangers. Here, ‘less cooperative when dealing with strangers…’means ‘lack of willingness to help strangers…’Thus, the answer is ‘strangers’
Answer: Strangers
Meanwhile, research at the University of Amsterdam revealed that people who have been given oxytocin consider 26……………………….. that are familiar to them in their own country to have more positive associations than those from other cultures.
Location: 4th paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword ‘Amsterdam’ helps to locate the answer in the second line of the paragraph. ‘Meanwhile, Amsterdam in the Netherlands discovered that volunteers given oxytocin showed favouritism…: Dutch men became quicker to associate positive words with Dutch names’ Thus, the answer is clear.
Answer: Names
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