Back to the future of skyscraper design- Reading Answers Explanations- CAM 14

Back to the future of skyscraper design- Reading Answers Explanations- CAM 14

Here are explanations of the Questions of passage named ‘Back to the future of skyscraper design’, which is from the Cambridge 14 book. The Questions that have been asked are ‘finding information and Blanks. You will find the locations of the Reading Answers, Keywords(highlighted and underlined) and justifications.

READING PASSAGE 2: Back to the future of skyscraper design

Question	Answer
14	F
15	C
16	E
17	D
18	B
19	DESIGN (S)
20	PATHOGENS
21	TUBERCULOSIS
22	WARDS
23	COMMUNAL
24	PUBLIC
25	MIASMAS
26	CHOLERA

Questions 14-18

Reading Passage 2 has nine section, A-I

Which section contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.

14 why some people avoided hospitals in the 19th century

Location and Answer: F

Explanation: The main keyword ‘19^th century’ helps to locate the answer in the first line of the paragraph. ‘Much of the ingenuity present in 19th-century hospital and building design was driven by a panicked public clamouring for buildings…’Here, this statement means people were panicked for such hospital designs. Thus, the answer is F.

15 a suggestion that the popularity of tall buildings is linked to prestige.

Location and Answer: C

Explanation: The location of the answer is in the last line of the paragraph. ‘Short regards glass, steel and air-conditioned skyscrapers as symbols of status…’Here, ‘skyscrapers’ refer to tall buildings. Moreover, ‘prestige’ and ‘status’ are synonyms. Thus, this makes an answer very clear.

16 a comparison between the circulation of air in a 19th-century building and modern standards.

Location and Answer: E

Explanation: The main keyword is ‘comparison’ and its reference is there in the first line of the paragraph. We discovered that 19th-century hospital wards… 24 air changes an hour – that’s similar to the performance of a modern-day…’Here, ‘24 air changes an hour’ means circulation of air. Furthermore, the writer compares 19^th century and modern buildings. Hence, the answer is E

17 how Short tested the circulation of air in a 19th-century building.

Location and Answer: D

Explanation: The answer to this question is in the first line of the second part of the section. ‘We spent three years digitally modelling Billings’ final designs,’ says Short. ‘We put pathogens* in the airstreams…’This statement gives information about how short tested the circulation of air.

Thus, the answer is D.

18 an implication that advertising led to the large increase in the use of air conditioning.

Location and Answer: B

Explanation: The main keyword is ‘advertising’ and it has been written as ‘relentlessly and aggressively marketed’ in the last line of the paragraph. ‘Before the widespread introduction of air conditioning systems, which were… marketed’ by their inventors. Here, ‘widespread introduction’ means ‘large increase’.

Questions 19-26

Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 19-26 on your answer sheet.

Ventilation in 19th-century hospital wards

Professor Alan Short examined the work of John Shaw Billings, who influenced the architectural 19 ……………………… of hospitals to ensure they had good ventilation.

Location: D paragraph

Explanation: The main keyword ‘John Shaw billings’ helps to locate the answer in the last line of the paragraph. ‘Ventilating buildings … the design of ingeniously ventilated hospitals. Of particular interest were those built to the designs of John Shaw Billings…’Here, this statement makes it easy to understand an answer.

Answer: Design(s)

He calculated that 20 ……………………….. in the air coming from patients suffering form 21……………………… would not have harmed other patients.

Location: D paragraph

Explanation: The answer to this question is in the second part of the D paragraph. ‘‘We spent three years digitally modelling Billings’ final designs,’ says Short. ‘We put pathogens* in the airstreams, modelled for someone with tuberculosis (TB)…’Firstly, ‘digitally modelling’ means ‘calculating’. Secondly, ‘patients suffering from’ is visible as ‘modelled for…’ in the passage.

Answer:(20) Pathogens

(21) Tuberculosis

He also found that the air in 22…………………………. In hospitals could change as often as in a modern operating theatre.

Location: E paragraph

Explanation: The main keyword ‘modern operating theatre’ is in the first line of the paragraph. ‘We discovered that 19th-century hospital wards could generate up to 24 air changes an hour – that’s similar to the performance of a modern-day…theatre. Here, ‘discovered’ and ‘found’ are synonyms. Hence, the answer is ‘wards’

Answer: Wards

He suggests that energy use could be reduced by locating more patients in 23 ………………………. areas.

Location: E paragraph

Explanation: The location of the answer is in the middle line of the paragraph. ‘Single rooms are not appropriate for all patients. Communal wards appropriate for certain patients …Would work just as well in today’s hospitals, at a fraction of the energy cost.’ Here, ‘energy use could be reduced…’ has been paraphrased as ‘fraction of energy cost’ in the passage. Thus, this makes an answer very clear.

Answer: Communal

A major reason for improving ventilation in 19th-century hospitals was the demand from the 24 ………………………….. for protection against bad air, known as 25 ……………………………

Location: F paragraph

Explanation: The answer to this question is in the first line of the paragraph. Much of the ingenuity present in 19th-century hospital and building design was driven by a panicked public…protect against what was thought to be the lethal threat of miasmas – toxic air that spread disease. Here, ‘driven by’ means ‘demand from the…’.Moreover, ‘bad air’ and ‘toxic air’ are synonyms.

Answer: (24) Public

(25) Miasmas

These were blamed for the spread of disease for hundreds of years, including epidemics of 26…………………………… in London and Paris in the middle of the 19th century.

Location: Paragraph F

Explanation: The main keywords ‘London and Paris’ helps to locate the answer in the second last line of the paragraph. Miasmas were feared as the principal agents of disease and epidemics for centuries…Through to the cholera outbreaks in London and Paris during the 1850s…’Here, ‘centuries’ means hundreds of years. Thus, this statement makes an answer very clear,

Answer: Cholera