‘The concept of intelligence’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
Here are explanations of the Questions of passage named ‘The concept of intelligence’, which is from the Cambridge 14 book. The Questions that have been asked are Finding author’s name, Blanks and Yes/NO/Not Given. You will find the locations of the Reading Answers, Keywords(highlighted and underlined) and justifications.
READING PASSAGE 1 : The concept of intelligence
| Question | Answer |
| 1 | B |
| 2 | A |
| 3 | D |
| 4 | NOT GIVEN |
| 5 | NO |
| 6 | YES |
| 7 | B |
| 8 | C |
| 9 | B |
| 10 | A |
| 11 | A |
| 12 | C |
| 13 | A |
Questions 1-3
Reading Passage 1 has ten sections, A-J
Which section contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.
1. information about how non-scientists’ assumptions about intelligence influence their behavior towards others
Location and Answer: B
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the first line of the paragraph. ‘First, implicit theories of intelligence drive the way in which people perceive …it is useful to learn about people’s implicit theories. Thus, these are the assumptions about the intelligence that influence their behavior.
‘The concept of intelligence’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
2. a reference to lack of clarity over the definition of intelligence
Location and Answer: A
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘lack of clarity’ and its reference is there in the first line of the paragraph. ‘In other words, people all have unconscious notions – known as ‘implicit theories’ – of intelligence, but no one knows for certain what it actually is. Here, ‘no one knows…’and ‘unconscious’ means there was lack of clarity.
‘The concept of intelligence’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
3. the point that a researcher’s implicit and explicit theories may be very different.
Location and Answer: D
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the first line of the paragraph. ‘Implicit theories can be useful when an investigator suspects that existing explicit theories are wrong or misleading…’This means implicit theories can be used when explicit theories are wrong. Thus, this makes an answer very clear.
Questions 4-6
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 4-6 on your answer sheet, write
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
4. Slow language development in children is likely to prove disappointing to their parents.
Location: B paragraph
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the middle line of the paragraph. ‘More generally, parents’ implicit theories of intelligence will determine at what ages they believe their children are ready to perform…’But there is no information regarding slow language. Thus, no information available.
Answer: Not Given
‘The concept of intelligence’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
5. People’s expectations of what children should gain from education are universal.
Location: E paragraph
Explanation: The location of the answer is in the second line of the paragraph. ‘People have expectations for intellectual performances that differ for children of different ages. How these expectations differ is in part a function of culture…’Here, this statement means what children should gain from education differs according to their age and culture. Thus, it is not universal.
Answer: No
‘The concept of intelligence’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
6. Scholars may discuss theories without fully understanding each other.
Location: J paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘ Scholars’ and it is there in the last line of the passage. ‘Until scholars are able to discuss their implicit theories… likely to miss the point of what others are saying…’Here, ‘miss the point..’ means they do not understand each other fully.
Answer: Yes
Questions 7-13
Look at the following statements (Questions 7-13) and the list of theories below.
Match each statement with the correct theory, A, B or C.
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
7. It is desirable for the same possibilities to be open to everyone.
Location: H paragraph ( First line)
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘same possibilities’ and its reference is there in the paragraph. ‘The Jeffersonian view is that people should have equal opportunities…’Here, ‘same possibilities’ and ‘equal opportunities’ are synonyms. Thus, the answer is very clear.
Answer: B
‘The concept of intelligence’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
8. No section of society should have preferential treatment at the expense of another.
Location: I paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘preferential treatment’ and its reference is there in the second line of the paragraph. . In this view, we do not need or want any institutions that might lead to favoring one group over another…’Here, ‘favoring one group over another…’ has been written as ‘preferential treatment at the expense of another…’
Answer: C
9.People should only gain benefits on the basis of what they actually achieve.
Location: H paragraph
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the last line of the paragraph. ‘In the Jeffersonian view… but rather to allow children the opportunities to make full use of the skills they have. My own views are similar to these…’Here, ‘make full use of…’ means ‘gain benefits’. Moreover, ‘skills they have’ is visible as ‘they actually achieve’ the question.
Answer: B
‘The concept of intelligence’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
10.Variation in intelligence begins at birth.
Location: G paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘birth’ and it is visible as ‘born…’ in the first line of the paragraph. The writer says, ‘The Hamiltonian view…, is that people are born with different levels of intelligence…’Here, ‘different levels of intelligence’ means ‘variation in intelligence’. Hence, the answer is A.
Answer: A
11.The more intelligent people should be in positions of power.
Location: G paragraph
Explanation: The location of the answer is in the last line of the paragraph. The writer says, ‘seem to have shared this belief when they wrote about the emergence of a cognitive (high-IQ) elite, which eventually would have to take responsibility…’Here, this statement makes an answer very clear.
Answer: A
‘The concept of intelligence’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
12. Everyone can develop the same abilities.
Location: I paragraph
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the second last line of the paragraph. The writer says, ‘people are essentially intersubstitutable except for specialized skills, all of which can be learned…’Here, ‘all of which can learned’ means everyone can develop the same abilities. Thus, this makes an answer very clear.
Answer: C
13.People of low intelligence are likely to lead uncontrolled lives.
Location: G paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘low intelligence’ and it is there in the last line of the paragraph. ‘Left to themselves, the unintelligent would create, as they always have created, a kind of chaos…’Here, ‘unintelligent’ and ‘low intelligence’ are synonyms. Thus, the answer is A.
Answer: A
‘The concept of intelligence’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
List of Theories
A Hamiltonian
B Jeffersonian
C Jacksonian
‘The concept of intelligence’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
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