Here are explanations of the Questions of passage named ‘Why companies should welcome disorder’, which is from the Cambridge 14 book. The Questions that have been asked are ‘List of headings, True/False/Not Given and Blanks. You will find the locations of the Reading Answers, Keywords(highlighted and underlined) and justifications.
READING PASSAGE 3: Why companies should welcome disorder
| Question | Answer |
| 27 | VI |
| 28 | I |
| 29 | III |
| 30 | II |
| 31 | IX |
| 32 | VII |
| 33 | IV |
| 34 | VIII |
| 35 | PRODUCTIVE |
| 36 | PERFECTIONISTS |
| 37 | DISSATISFIED |
| 38 | TRUE |
| 39 | FALSE |
| 40 | NOT GIVEN |
Why companies should welcome disorder- Reading Answers Explanations
Questions 27-34
Reading Passage 3 has eight sections, A-H
Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 27-34 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i Complaints about the impact of a certain approach
ii Fundamental beliefs that are in fact incorrect
iii Early recommendations concerning business activities
iv Organisations that put a new approach into practice
v Companies that have suffered from changing their approach
vi What people are increasingly expected to do
vii How to achieve outcomes that are currently impossible
viii Neither approach guarantees continuous improvement
ix Evidence that a certain approach can have more disadvantages that advantages
27 Section A
Location: Second part of Section A
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the second line of the paragraph. ‘Self-organisation than at any other time in human history. We are told that we ought to organize our company, our home life, our week, our day and seven our sleep, all as a means to becoming more productive’. Here, these lines suggest that how people are expected to organize their companies.
Answer: Vi
28 Section B
Location: First part of Section B
Explanation: The location of the answer is in the first line of the paragraph. ‘Ironically, however, the number of business that fail has also steadily increased. Work-related stress has increased… claim to be dissatisfied with the way…’Here, ‘dissatisfied with the way’ means they made complaints. Moreover, ‘work-related stress…’ is the complaint.
Answer: i
29 Section C
Location: C paragraph
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the second line of the paragraph. Writing in the first half of the 20th century…He designed a number of principles to improve the efficiency of the work process,…become widespread in modern companies. Here, ‘first half of the 20th century’ give reference to early recommendations. Moreover, ‘he designed number of principles to improve…’ means he is concerned about business activities.
Answer: iii
30 Section D
Location: First line of D section
Explanation: The writer says, ‘New research suggests that this obsession with efficiency is misguided…’Here, ‘misguided’ and ‘incorrect’ are synonyms. This means beliefs related to the efficiency are misguided. Thus, this makes an answer very clear.
Answer: ii
31 Section E
Location: First two lines of section E
Explanation: The writer states, ‘What’s more, recent studies show that order actually has diminishing returns. Order does increase productivity to a certain extent, but … The benefit it yields, reduce until the point where any further increase in order reduces productivity…’Here, this line suggest that benefit it yields are reducing. Thus, there are more disadvantages than advantages.
Answer: ix
32 Section F
Location: F paragraph
Explanation: The location of the answer is in the last line of the paragraph. ‘These environments can lead to new solutions that, under conventionally structured environments…would never be reached…’Here, ‘would never be reached’ means impossible’. Thus, the answer is vii.
Answer: vii
33 Section G
Location: Second part of G section
Explanation: The writer says, ‘Oticon, a large Danish manufacturer of hearing aids, used what it called a ‘spaghetti’… This approach proved to be highly successful initially, with clear improvements in worker productivity in all facets of the business. Here, ‘Danish manufacturer’ refers to an organisation.
Answer: iv
34 Section H
Location: Last paragraph
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the last line of the paragraph. ‘This research also shows that we should continually question whether or not our existing assumptions work…’Thus, this statement makes it clear that we should continually question our work. Hence, this means that there is no guarantee that any approach may work.
Answer: viii
Why companies should welcome disorder- Reading Answers Explanations
Questions 35-37
Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 35-37 on your answer sheet.
35 Numerous training sessions are aimed at people who feel they are not ………………………. enough.
Location: A section(middle line)
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘training sessions’ and it has been written as ‘seminars and workshops…’ in the passage. ‘We are told that we ought to organize our company… All as a means to becoming more productive. ‘Countless seminars and workshops take place…’Here, ‘countless seminars…’ and training sessions are synonyms. Thus, the answer is ‘productive’.
Answer: Productive
36 Being organised appeals to people who regard themselves as ……………………………
Location: A section
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the second last line of the paragraph. ‘This rhetoric has also crept into the thinking of business leaders….much to the delight of self-proclaimed perfectionists….’Here, ‘self-proclaimed’ and ‘regard themselves’ are synonyms. Thus, this makes an answer very clear.
Answer: Perfectionists
37 Many people feel ……………………….. with aspects of their work.
Location: B section
Explanation: The location of the answer is in the second line of the paragraph. ‘. A large proportion of workers from all demographics claim to be dissatisfied with the way their work …’Firstly, ‘large proportion’ and ‘many’ are synonyms. Secondly, ‘aspects of their work’ means ‘way their work…’.Thus, the answer is dissatisfied.
Answer: Dissatisfied
Questions 38-40
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
38 Both businesses and people aim at order without really considering its value.
Location: D Section
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the last line of the paragraph. ‘The result is that businesses and people spend time and money…. rather than actually looking at the end goal and usefulness of such an effort. The question statement is same as the passage statement. ‘Rather than actually looking at the end goal… usefulness’ means ‘without really considering its value…’
Answer: True
39 Innovation is most successful if the people involved have distinct roles.
Location: F paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword ‘innovation’ helps to locate the answer in the first line of the paragraph. In fact,… when innovating, the best approach is to create an environment devoid of structure…Everyone involved to engage as one organic group. Here, ‘people involved’ is opposite to the ‘distinct roles’ in the question. Thus, the answer is False.
Answer: False
40 Google was inspired to adopt flexibility by the success of General Electric.
Location: G paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword ‘Google’ helps to find an answer in the last line of the paragraph. ‘Google and a number of other tech companies have embraced (at least in part) these kinds of flexible structures,…’But there is no information regarding Google was inspired to adopt flexibility…General Electric. Thus, no information available.
Answer: Not Given
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