‘Motivational factors and the hospitality industry’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
Here are explanations of the Questions of passage named ‘Motivational factors and the hospitality industry’, which is from the Cambridge 14 book. The Questions that have been asked are ‘finding information, Blanks and Yes/No/Not Given. You will find the locations of the Reading Answers, Keywords(highlighted and underlined) and justifications.
READING PASSAGE 3: Motivational factors and the hospitality industry
| Question | Answer |
| 27 | E |
| 28 | D |
| 29 | B |
| 30 | D |
| 31 | C |
| 32 | YES |
| 33 | NO |
| 34 | NO |
| 35 | NOT GIVEN |
| 36 | RESTAURANTS |
| 37 | PERFORMANCE |
| 38 | TURNOVER |
| 39 | GOALS |
| 40 | CHARACTERISTICS |
Questions 27-31
Look at the following statements (Questions 27-31) and the list of researchers below.
Match each statement with the correct researcher, A-F.
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
27 Hotel managers need to know what would encourage good staff to remain.
Location: 8th paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘hotel managers’ and its reference is there in the first line of the paragraph. It is therefore essential for hotel management … inspire and retain competent employees. This requires an… careers (Enz and Siguaw, 2000).Here, ‘good staff to remain’ is visible as ‘retain competent employees. Thus, this makes an answer very clear.
Answer: E
‘Motivational factors and the hospitality industry’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
28 The actions of managers may make staff feel they shouldn’t move to a different employer.
Location: 5th paragraph
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the first line of the paragraph. Ng and Sorensen (2008) demonstrated that when managers provide recognition to employees… remove obstacles preventing effective performance… Employees feel more obligated to stay with the company. Here, this statement explains about the actions of managers. Moreover, ‘they shouldn’t move’ has been paraphrased as ‘feel more obligated to stay…’Thus, this makes an answer very clear.
Answer: D
29 Little is done in the hospitality industry to help workers improve their skills.
Location: 4th paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword ‘hospitality industry’ helps to locate the answer in the first two lines of the paragraph. ‘Lucas… ‘The substance of HRM practices does not appear to be designed to foster constructive relations with employees…’.Here, this statement makes it clear that little is done in the hospitality industry.
Answer: B
‘Motivational factors and the hospitality industry’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
30 Staff are less likely to change jobs if cooperation is encouraged.
Location: 5th paragraph
Explanation: The location of the answer is in the first line of the paragraph. Ng and Sorensen (2008) demonstrated … motivate employees to work together, …, employees feel more obligated to stay with the company. Here, ‘cooperation’ and ‘work together’ are synonyms. Furthermore, ‘obligated to stay’ means ‘less likely to change’. Thus, the answer is D.
Answer: D
31 Dissatisfaction with pay is not the only reason why hospitality workers change jobs.
Location: 9th paragraph
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the last line of the paragraph. When these factors are unfavorable, job dissatisfaction may result. Significantly, though, just fulfilling these needs does not result in satisfaction, but only in the reduction of dissatisfaction (Maroudas et al., 2008).Thus, this line means that there are other factors why workers change jobs.
Answer: C
List of Researchers
A Pfeffer
B Lucas
C Maroudas et al.
D Ng and Sorensen
E Enz and Siguaw
F Deery
Questions 32-35
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet, write
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
32 One reason for high staff turnover in the hospitality industry is poor morale.
Location: 4th paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword is ‘high staff turnover’ and its reference is there in the last two lines of the paragraph. In addition,…high employee turnover has been a recurring problem throughout the hospitality industry. Among the…reasons… poor working conditions and compromised employee morale and attitudes.’ Here, the question statement is same as the passage statement. Moreover, ‘compromised employee morale’ means ‘poor morale’.
Answer: Yes
‘Motivational factors and the hospitality industry’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
33 Research has shown that staff have a tendency to dislike their workplace.
Location: 6th paragraph
Explanation: The location of the answer is in the first line of the paragraph. While it seems likely that employees’ reactions to their job characteristics could be affected…View their work environment negatively, no evidence exists to support this hypothesis. Here, this line makes it clear that there is no evidence that workers dislike their workplace.
Answer: No
34 An improvement in working conditions and job security makes staff satisfied with their jobs.
Location: 9th paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword ‘job security’ helps to locate the answer in the second line of the paragraph. These include working conditions and job security. When these factors are unfavorable, job dissatisfaction may result. Significantly, …does not result in satisfaction, but only in the reduction of dissatisfaction. The information in the question ‘makes satisfied’ is opposite to the ‘ not result in satisfaction’.
Answer: No
‘Motivational factors and the hospitality industry’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
35 Staff should be allowed to choose when they take breaks during the working day.
Location: Last paragraph
Explanation: Though the main keyword ‘breaks’ is there in the second line of the paragraph. ‘ Those… to the hospitality industry include allowing adequate breaks during the working day.’ This line means breaks are allowed in hospitality industry. But there is no information related to the question statement.
Answer: Not Given
Questions 36-40
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet.
Fun at work
Tews, Michel and Stafford carried out research on staff in an American chain of 36……………………… .
Location: 11th paragraph
Explanation: The main keywords are ‘Tews, Michel and Stafford’ helps to locate the answer in the second line of the paragraph. ‘Tews…conducted a study focusing on staff from a chain of themed restaurants in the United States…’Here, ‘carried out research has been paraphrased as ‘conducted a study’. Hence, the answer is ‘restaurants’
Answer: Restaurants
‘Motivational factors and the hospitality industry’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
They discovered that activities designed for staff to have fun improved their 37……………………… ,
Location: 11th paragraph
Explanation: The location of the answer is in the second line of the paragraph. ‘It was found that fun activities had a favorable impact on performance…’Here, ‘discovered’ and ‘found’ are synonyms. Thus, this makes an answer very clear.
Answer: Performance
and that management involvement led to lower staff 38 ………………………….. .
Location: 11th paragraph
Explanation: The answer to this question is in the third line of the paragraph. ‘Manager support for fun had a favorable impact in reducing turnover…’Here, ‘reducing’ and ‘lower’ are synonyms. Thus, this makes an answer very clear.
Answer: Turnover
‘Motivational factors and the hospitality industry’ – Reading Answer Explanation – CAM – 14
They also found that the activities needed to fit with both the company’s 39 ………………………….. and the 40 …………………………. Of the staff. A balance was required between a degree of freedom and maintaining work standards.
Location: 11th paragraph
Explanation: The main keyword ‘company’s’ helps to locate the answer in the second last line of the paragraph. ‘Aligned with both organizational goals and employee characteristics…’Here, ‘organizational’ and ‘company’s’ are synonyms. Moreover, ‘employee’ and ‘staff’ are synonyms.
Answer: (39) Goals
(40) Characteristics.
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